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Show Area Forecast Discussion - Key West, FL (Florida Keys) Selection: |
| #533654 (Received by flhurricane at: 10:20 PM 11.Aug.2012) AFDKEY AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION FOR THE FLORIDA KEYS NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE KEY WEST FL 1010 PM EDT SAT AUG 11 2012 .DISCUSSION... A MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM WHICH DEVELOPED RAPIDLY OVER WESTERN CUBA AROUND MIDDAY MOVED SLOWLY NORTH AND WEAKENED OVER THE STRAITS OF FLORIDA. ITS REMNANTS ARE NOW DISSIPATING OVER THE FLORIDA KEYS WHERE IT IS CLOUDY WITH PATCHY LIGHT RAIN BEING REPORTED. ACTIVE CUMULUS CONVECTION CELLS ARE LOCATED ALONG THE NORTHERN AND WESTERN PERIPHERY OF THE DECAYING CONVECTIVE SYSTEM...OVER THE EXTREME SOUTHEASTERN GULF OF MEXICO FROM NEAR MARCO ISLAND TO WELL SOUTHWEST OF THE DRY TORTUGAS. THESE CELLS ARE NEARLY STATIONARY...LOCATED WITHIN AN AREA OF LIGHT LOWER-TROPOSPHERIC WINDS. AS THE ATMOSPHERE AROUND THE FLORIDA KEYS GRADUALLY DESTABILIZES IN WAKE OF THE DISSIPATING MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM...NEW SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS SHOULD INITIATE ALONG OLD OUTFLOW BOUNDARIES WITHIN A DEEP MOIST LAYER OVERNIGHT. THEREFORE...THE CURRENTLY FORECAST ABOVE- AVERAGE RAIN CHANCES REMAIN APPROPRIATE...AND NO SIGNIFICANT UPDATES ARE PLANNED. && .MARINE... WINDS HAVE TEMPORARILY SURGED FROM SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST AS THE GRADIENT LOCALLY STEEPENED THANKS TO HIGHER PRESSURE SOUTH OF THE KEYS ASSOCIATED WITH A MCS COLD POOL. THIS IS TEMPORARY...AND WINDS SHOULD DIMINISH AFTER MIDNIGHT...EXCEPT AROUND ACTIVE SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS. && .AVIATION... VALID THROUGH 13/00Z...VFR WILL PREVAIL AT KEYW AND KMTH THROUGH THE FORECAST PERIOD. WINDS FROM THE SOUTH AT 5 TO 10 KNOTS UNTIL LATE EVENING/ EARLY MORNING...WHEN WINDS BACK TO MORE SOUTHEASTERLY. A CHANCE FOR RAIN EXISTS AT BOTH TERMINALS THROUGH 05Z...BUT CONFIDENCE IN TIMING AND INTENSITY IS LOW...REQUIRING VCSH. && .KEY WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... FL...NONE. GM...NONE. && $$ |
| #533581 (Received by flhurricane at: 3:41 PM 11.Aug.2012) AFDKEY AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION FOR THE FLORIDA KEYS NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE KEY WEST FL 331 PM EDT SAT AUG 11 2012 .DISCUSSION... ASIDE FROM A FEW CELLS ON THE GULF SIDE OF THE LOWER KEYS VERY RECENTLY...A FEW CLUSTERS OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS IN THE EASTERN ATLANTIC AND NORTHERN GULF WATERS ARE ABOUT THE ONLY ECHOES ON KBYX IN THE KEYS SERVICE AREA TODAY. HOWEVER...SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ARE SHOWING SIGNS OF SEPARATING FROM THE NORTHERN CUBAN COAST. WINDS REMAIN GENTLE FROM THE SOUTH AND THERE ARE SOME BREAKS IN THE VEIL OF HIGHER CLOUDS OVER THE ISLAND CHAIN IN THE PAST 2 HOURS. THE SOUTHERLY STEERING FLOW WILL CONTINUE TONIGHT AND INTO SUNDAY MORNING. THERE IS A HIGHER PROBABILITY THAT THE SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS TO OUR SOUTH WILL EITHER MAINTAIN THEMSELVES OR SUPPLY BOUNDARIES FOR ADDITIONAL CONVECTIVE DEVELOPMENT LATER THIS EVENING AND INTO THE OVERNIGHT PERIOD. A BROAD TROUGH IN THE EASTERN PORTION OF THE COUNTRY WILL BE LIFTING TO THE NORTHEAST BY SUNDAY AS DEEP RIDGING BEGINS TO SET UP OVER SOUTH FLORIDA AND THE KEYS. THERE WILL BE DEEP MOISTURE IN PLACE THROUGH THE DAY SUNDAY BUT THE WINDS THROUGH ABOUT 5000 FEET WILL BEGIN TO BACK TOWARDS THE SOUTHEAST. WILL CUT OUR PROBABILITY OF MEASURABLE PRECIPITATION BACK TO A LOW CHANCE ON SUNDAY. BY SUNDAY NIGHT...MUCH DRIER AIR ALOFT AND THE CONTINUING SETUP OF DEEP RIDGING WILL CUT OUR RAIN CHANCES BACK CONSIDERABLY. THIS HAS BEEN THE REASONING OVER THE LAST SEVERAL FORECAST CYCLES...AND THE RECENT MODEL RUNS HAVE NOT DEVIATED FROM THIS SOLUTION. THE SLIGHT CHANCE POP WILL BE HELD FROM SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY NIGHT. AN ARGUMENT CAN BE MADE TO HOLD THAT LEVEL THROUGH POSSIBLY THE MIDDLE OF THE WORK WEEK...BUT A FEW LOW LEVEL LOW AMPLITUDE UNDULATIONS THEN THROUGH LATE IN THE WEEK WILL PROMPT A MORE SEASONAL 30 PERCENT POP. BY NEXT WEEKEND...ANOTHER ROUND OF DRIER AIR ALOFT IS PROBABLE. WE COULD SEE LOWER RAIN CHANCES THEN AS WELL. NO TROPICAL SYSTEMS ARE EXPECTED TO AFFECT ANY OF THE SENSIBLE WEATHER ELEMENTS FOR THE FLORIDA KEYS THROUGH THIS ENTIRE FORECAST PERIOD. && .MARINE... AWAY FROM SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS...MOSTLY GENTLE SOUTHERLY WINDS WILL PERSIST TONIGHT INTO SUNDAY. BY SUNDAY EVENING...WINDS ARE EXPECTED TO BACK TO THE SOUTHEAST AND REMAIN THAT DIRECTION FOR THE DURATION OF THE FORECAST. EXPECT NUMEROUS SHOWERS DEVELOPING THIS EVENING AND LASTING INTO THE OVERNIGHT PERIOD. SCATTERED COVERAGE IS EXPECTED SUNDAY. FOR SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY NIGHT...COVERAGE SHOULD BE ISOLATED. && .AVIATION... VFR IS EXPECTED TO PREVAIL AT KEYW AND KMTH THROUGH MUCH OF THE AFTERNOON...WITH SOME SHOWERS IN THE VICINITY TO THE NORTH OF KMTH. THIS EVENING SHOWERS AND SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO CROSS THE FLORIDA STRAITS...REACHING THE FLORIDA KEYS TERMINALS FROM SHORTLY BEFORE SUNSET THROUGH 03Z AND PROVIDING MVFR CEILINGS AND BRIEF IFR VISIBILITIES. IMPROVING CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED ESPECIALLY LATE THIS EVENING WITH VFR AND SHORT-TERM MVFR CEILINGS EXPECTED THROUGH MIDDAY SUNDAY. && .CLIMATE... ON THIS DATE IN KEYS WEATHER HISTORY...IN 1913...THE HIGH TEMPERATURE IN KEY WEST WAS 81 DEGREES. THIS SET THE DAILY RECORD FOR COOLEST MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE MEASURED IN KEY WEST ON AUGUST 11TH...A RECORD WHICH STILL STANDS 99 YEARS LATER. IN ADDITION... THIS HIGH TEMPERATURE OF 81 DEGREES IS TIED AS THE COOLEST MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE EVER RECORDED IN KEY WEST DURING THE MONTH OF AUGUST. TEMPERATURE RECORDS AT KEY WEST DATE BACK TO 1872. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... KEY WEST 79 88 81 89 / 60 30 20 20 MARATHON 79 91 81 92 / 60 30 20 20 && .KEY WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... FL...NONE. GM...NONE. && $$ |
| #533530 (Received by flhurricane at: 10:50 AM 11.Aug.2012) AFDKEY AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION FOR THE FLORIDA KEYS NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE KEY WEST FL 1044 AM EDT SAT AUG 11 2012 .DISCUSSION... SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS HAVE BEEN ISOLATED TO SCATTERED ACROSS THE KEYS SERVICE AREA EARLY THIS MORNING. THE STRONGER CELLS HAVE BEEN IN THE EASTERN ATLANTIC ZONES...AND NORTHERN GULF WATERS OFFSHORE FROM MAINLAND MONROE COUNTY. THERE IS A GENTLE SOUTHERLY BREEZE IN PLACE WITH THICKER CLOUDS APPROACHING THE ISLAND CHAIN FROM THE STRAITS. TEMPERATURES ARE CLIMBING THROUGH THE MIDDLE 80S AT THIS HOUR. THE LOCAL EARLY MORNING SOUNDING LACKED WIND INFORMATION FROM JUST OFF THE SURFACE...AND FROM OUR NEIGHBORS TO THE NORTH THEY SEEM A BIT STRONG FROM THE SOUTH BASED ON KBYX AND KAMX VWP PROFILES. NONETHELESS...THE SOUTHERLY DIRECTION LOOKS GOOD. RECENTLY UPDATED THE ZONE FORECAST TO TRIM BACK OUR PROBABILITY OF PRECIPITATION THIS AFTERNOON. CLOUDS WILL LIKELY HINDER WIDESPREAD CUBAN DEVELOPMENT AT LEAST THROUGH EARLY THIS AFTERNOON. AND THE LOCAL WRF IS SHOWING ANY SUBSTANTIAL CONVECTION MOVING THROUGH THE KEYS LATER IN THE AFTERNOON OR EARLY THIS EVENING. AT THIS POINT...CANNOT ARGUE WITH THAT. BUT THE LOCAL AIRMASS IS CERTAINLY MOIST AND UNSTABLE...SO DID NOT WANT TO GO MUCH BELOW A GOOD CHANCE. && .MARINE... AWAY FROM SCATTERED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS DEVELOPING THROUGH THE LATER HOURS OF THE AFTERNOON...EXPECT A GENTLE SOUTHERLY BREEZE AND GENERALLY PLEASANT RECREATIONAL BOATING CONDITIONS IN ALL WATERS SURROUNDING THE FLORIDA KEYS. WINDS WILL BACK TO THE SOUTHEAST AND REMAIN GENTLE SUNDAY THROUGH THE BULK OF THE COMING WEEK. && .AVIATION... TEMPORARY MVFR CEILINGS CAN BE EXPECTED AT KMTH THE REMAINDER OF THE MORNING WITH VFR PREVAILING FURTHER WEST AT KEYW. WHILE VFR IS EXPECTED THIS AFTERNOON AT BOTH FLORIDA KEYS TERMINALS...EXPECT INCREASING CIRROSTRATUS DECK FL200 AND ABOVE. SOUTH WINDS 5 TO 8 KNOTS WILL CONTINUE AT THE TERMINALS THROUGH THE AFTERNOON. MVFR AND BRIEF IFR ARE ANTICIPATED A COUPLE HOURS NEAR OR AFTER SUNSET FROM THUNDERSTORMS CROSSING THE FLORIDA STRAITS FROM THE SOUTH. SOME OF THESE THUNDERSTORMS COULD BRING SOME GUSTY SOUTH CROSSWINDS NEAR 25 KNOTS. && .CLIMATE... ON THIS DATE IN KEYS WEATHER HISTORY...IN 1913...THE HIGH TEMPERATURE IN KEY WEST WAS 81 DEGREES. THIS SET THE DAILY RECORD FOR COOLEST MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE MEASURED IN KEY WEST ON AUGUST 11TH...A RECORD WHICH STILL STANDS 99 YEARS LATER. IN ADDITION... THIS HIGH TEMPERATURE OF 81 DEGREES IS TIED AS THE COOLEST MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE EVER RECORDED IN KEY WEST DURING THE MONTH OF AUGUST. TEMPERATURE RECORDS AT KEY WEST DATE BACK TO 1872. && .KEY WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... FL...NONE. GM...NONE. && $$ |
| #533455 (Received by flhurricane at: 3:05 AM 11.Aug.2012) AFDKEY AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION FOR THE FLORIDA KEYS NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE KEY WEST FL 300 AM EDT SAT AUG 11 2012 .DISCUSSION...IN THE MID AND UPPER LEVELS...500-200 MB...LATEST AVAILABLE IR IMAGERY COMBINED WITH MODEL STREAMLINE ANALYSIS AS OF 200 AM DEPICT A SOMEWHAT UNSEASONABLY DEEP SYNOPTIC SCALE TROUGH SITUATED ACROSS THE EASTERN CONUS...WITH ITS ASSOCIATED MAIN AXIS SITUATED FROM UPPER LOW PRESSURE PRESSURE NEAR ANN ARBOR MICHIGAN SOUTHWARD TO THE NORTH CENTRAL GULF OF MEXICO. ACROSS THE TROPICS...THERE IS A NORTHEASTERLY TO SOUTHWESTERLY ORIENTED RIDGE SITUATED ACROSS THE WESTERN ATLANTIC FROM NEAR BERMUDA SOUTHWEST TO NEAR 25 NORTH 73 WEST. THE FINAL FEATURE OF SIGNIFICANCE IS A FLATTENING UPPER LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM NOW OVER THE NORTHWESTERN CARIBBEAN SEA. THE RELATIVE POSITION AND DYNAMICS ASSOCIATED WITH THESE SYNOPTIC SCALE SCALE FEATURES CURRENTLY PLACE SOUTH FLORIDA AND THE KEYS UNDER AN AREA OF ENHANCED UPPER LEVEL DIFFLUENCE. THE AFOREMENTIONED DEEP MID AND UPPER TROUGH IS ALSO AIDING IN THE BREAK DOWN A SURFACE RIDGE WHICH PRESENTLY REACHES ACROSS THE FLORIDA PENINSULA FROM THE CENTRAL ATLANTIC. CLOSER TO THE KEYS...A SMALL SCALE SURFACE TO 500 MB TROUGH AXIS IS ANALYZED JUST WEST OF THE KEYS...AND THIS FEATURE CONTINUES TO MOVE INTO THE SOUTHEASTERN GULF OF MEXICO. THIS IS ALLOWING ADVECTION OF DEEP MOISTURE ACROSS THE KEYS. LAST EVENINGS 00Z SOUNDING AT KEY WEST ILLUSTRATED A GENTLE YET VERY MOIST VARIABLE 10 KNOT FLOW FROM THE SURFACE UP TO 600 MB...WITH PWAT (PRECIPITABLE WATER) AT 2.15 INCHES .CURRENTLY...AS OF 200 AM...SKIES ARE PARTLY TO MOSTLY CLOUDY ACROSS THE KEYS ISLAND CHAIN AND ADJOINING WATERS. KEY WEST RADAR DETECTS SCATTERED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN FLORIDA STRAITS WITH ABUNDANT LIGHTNING. AREAS OF LIGHT TO OCCASIONALLY MODERATE RAINFALL CONTINUE ACROSS PORTIONS OF THE MIDDLE AND UPPER KEYS. TEMPERATURES OUTSIDE OF SHOWERS AND STORMS ARE GENERALLY NEAR 80 DEGREES EXCEPT UPPER 70S ON RAIN COOLED ISLANDS. C-MAN STATIONS ALONG THE REEF AND IN FLORIDA BAY ARE RECORDING SOUTHERLY WINDS NEAR 10 KNOTS...BUT ARE GUSTY IN AND NEAR CONVECTION...WITH A GUST TO 23 KNOTS AT MOLASSES REEF AND 38 KNOTS AT FOWEY ROCKS DURING THE LAST HOUR. .FORECASTS...TODAY THROUGH SUNDAY...LATEST AVAILABLE RUNS OF THE GFS AND ECMWF CONTINUE TO MAINTAIN SOMEWHAT OF AN AMPLIFIED MID AND UPPER TROUGH ACROSS THE EASTERN UNITED STATES THROUGH TOMORROW AFTERNOON. AND ELEVATED DIFFLUENCE WILL CONTINUE OVER SOUTH FLORIDA AND THE FLORIDA KEYS GIVEN THE COMBINATION OF THIS FEATURE WITH THE UPPER LOW OVER THE NORTHWESTERN CARIBBEAN SEA...WITH BOTH 00Z NAM AND GFS MODEL FORECAST SOUNDINGS CONTINUING TO ILLUSTRATE ADVECTION OF MOISTURE NORTHWARD (FROM THE SURFACE UP TO 400 MB) ACROSS THE KEYS FROM THE TROPICS...WITH PWAT REMAINING BETWEEN 2.00 AND 2.25 INCHES THROUGH 12Z SUNDAY. THE MODEL SOUNDINGS ALSO ILLUSTRATE A (0-6 KM AVG STORM MOTION) FROM THE SOUTH AVERAGING 10 KNOTS THROUGH SUNDAY MORNING AS WELL. THIS WILL ALLOW FOR CUBAN BOUNDARIES TO DEVELOP AND MOVE NORTHWARD ACROSS THE FLORIDA STRAITS...AND REACT WITH A MULTITUDE OF BOUNDARIES ALREADY IN PLACE ACROSS THE FLORIDA STRAITS AND NEAR THE ISLANDS. AND THIS EXPECTED MESOSCALE FORCING WILL COMPOUND INCREASED RAIN CHANCES OVER THE KEYS SERVICE AREA GIVEN LARGE SCALE LIFT AND ASSOCIATED LOW TO MID LEVEL MASS CONVERGENCE IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE AFOREMENTIONED SURFACE TO 500 MB TROUGH WEST OF THE KEYS. SO BOTTOM LINE IS THAT I WOULD EXPECT A COUPLE OF ROUNDS OF SHOWERS AND STORMS THROUGH THE MORNING HOURS...WITH ADDITIONAL ROUNDS LIKELY DURING THE AFTERNOON AND EVENING AGAIN. HENCE WILL BE RAISING POPS INTO THE LIKELY CATEGORY FOR TODAY AND TONIGHT. THOUGH MID-LEVEL HEIGHTS BEGIN TO RISE ON SUNDAY...VERY DEEP MOISTURE REMAINS IN PLACE ALONG WITH LOTS OF BOUNDARIES. AND WILL ELECT TO KEEP THE HIGH CHANCE POPS IN THE GRIDS FOR SUNDAY. FOR SUNDAY NIGHT AND MONDAY...ECMWF...GFS ET ALL LARGE SCALE MODELS INDICATE THAT THE BASE OF THE EAST COAST SYNOPTIC SCALE TROUGH WILL RETREATS NORTHWARD...ALLOWING A BRIEF RETURN FOR RISING MIDDLE LEVEL (500 MB) HEIGHTS. THIS AGREES WITH THE 00Z GFS AND NAM 00Z MODEL FORECAST SOUNDINGS WHICH ILLUSTRATE THE MID LEVEL DRYING...AND PWAT FALLING BACK FROM BETWEEN 1.75 AND 2.00 INCHES SUNDAY NIGHT TO UNDER 1.50 INCHES THROUGH 06Z TUESDAY. SO WILL MAINTAIN THE SLIGHT CHANCES FOR SHOWERS AND STORMS FOR THOSE TWO PERIODS WE ALREADY HAVE IN THE GRIDS. EXTENDED...MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY...ANOTHER LOW AMPLITUDE TROUGH WILL MOVE INTO THE EASTERN CONUS MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT...BUT A NEAR 590 DM AT 500 MB RIDGE WILL REMAIN IN PLACE ACROSS SOUTH FLORIDA THROUGH THE ENTIRE WEEK. GIVEN THE PROXIMITY OF THE KEYS TO THE DEEP LOW TO MID LEVEL RIDGING...GENTLE SOUTHEAST WINDS WILL REMAIN IN PLACE WITH SEASONABLY HOT HIGH AND OVERNIGHT LOW TEMPERATURES EACH DAY. MODEL FORECAST SOUNDING ILLUSTRATE PWAT REMAINING BETWEEN 1.50 TO 1.75 INCHES THROUGH THE ENTIRE PERIOD...WHICH IS SEASONABLE. THOUGH AMPLE MOISTURE SEEMS IN PLACE...NOT THE GREATEST SETUP FOR CLOUD LINES...AS MODEL SOUNDINGS SEEM TOO VEERED ATTM. FOR NOW WILL HOLD WITH NEAR CLIMO POPS...30 PERCENT THROUGH THE PERIOD. ACROSS THE TROPICS...THE THREAT REMAINS QUITE DIMINISHED ATTM GIVEN THE PRESENCE OF DRY AIR...DUST AND WIND SHEAR SURROUNDING TROPICAL ENTITIES. AND TROPICAL DEPRESSION SEVEN...THE CLOSEST OF THESE ENTITIES ATTM...IS FORECAST TO DISSIPATE WITHIN 72 HOURS ACROSS THE EASTERN CARIBBEAN SEA UPON CROSSING THE WINDWARD ISLANDS. && .MARINE...TODAY THROUGH SUNDAY...GENTLE SOUTH WINDS NEAR 10 KNOTS OR LESS ARE EXPECTED ACROSS ALL WATERS THROUGH SUNDAY...EXCEPT WINDS AND SEAS WILL BE HIGHER AND BAY WATERS LOCALLY ROUGH IN AND NEAR SCATTERED TO NUMEROUS SHOWERS AND SCATTERED STORMS. GENTLE TO MODERATE SOUTHEAST WINDS ARE EXPECTED SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY NIGHT...GIVEN THE PRESENCE OF STRONGER RIDGING ACROSS THE SOUTH FLORIDA PENINSULA. && AVIATION... SHORT-LIVED...MVFR CONDITIONS ARE CONCEIVABLE AT EYW AND MTH THIS MORNING INTO EARLY THIS AFTERNOON. DUE TO THE BRIEF NATURE OF POTENTIAL MVFR CONDITIONS...ONLY VFR CONDITIONS WILL BE ADVERTISED IN THE TERMINAL FORECASTS THIS MORNING INTO EARLY THIS AFTERNOON. PROLONGED MVFR OR LOWER CONDITIONS ARE LIKELY AT EYW AND MTH LATE THIS AFTERNOON UNTIL ABOUT MIDNIGHT TONIGHT. && .CLIMATE... ON THIS DATE IN KEYS WEATHER HISTORY...IN 1913...THE HIGH TEMPERATURE IN KEY WEST WAS 81 DEGREES. THIS SET THE DAILY RECORD FOR COOLEST MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE MEASURED IN KEY WEST ON AUGUST 11TH...A RECORD WHICH STILL STANDS 99 YEARS LATER. IN ADDITION... THIS HIGH TEMPERATURE OF 81 DEGREES IS TIED AS THE COOLEST MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE EVER RECORDED IN KEY WEST DURING THE MONTH OF AUGUST. TEMPERATURE RECORDS AT KEY WEST DATE BACK TO 1872. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... KEY WEST 89 78 89 81 / 70 60 50 20 MARATHON 91 78 91 81 / 70 60 50 20 && .KEY WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... FL...NONE. GM...NONE. && $$ |
